MODAL SOSIAL SEBAGAI DETERMINAN KEBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN PESISIR DI KELURAHAN LAPULU KECAMATAN ABELI KOTA KENDARI
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Abstract
The empowerment of coastal fishing communities is a pivotal concern in the context of coastal development, given the communities' constrained capacity to access resources, strengthen their bargaining position, and enhance their well-being in a sustainable manner. One factor believed to contribute to this empowerment is social capital, which is reflected in trust, social networks, and social norms. The present study aims to analyse the level of social capital and the level of empowerment among coastal fishing communities. In addition, the study will test social capital as a determinant of empowerment among coastal fishing communities in Lapulu Village, Abeli District, Kendari City. The present study employs a quantitative approach, utilising a survey method. The study population comprised 229 fishermen, and the sample consisted of 70 respondents selected using the Slovin formula with simple random sampling. The analysis was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis and Spearman's rank correlation test. The findings suggest that the social capital of the coastal fishing community is classified as high, with an overall score of 68.6%. This is evidenced by the presence of substantial levels of trust (71.43%), well-developed social networks (64.29%), and established social norms (65.71%). The level of empowerment experienced by the fishing community is also notably high, with a percentage of 45.71%, as demonstrated by elevated levels of awareness and a propensity to embrace change (power to), the capacity to augment capacity to gain access (power within), and the capacity for cooperation and solidarity (power with). Nevertheless, the capacity to surmount impediments (power over) persists in the lower echelons. The results of the Spearman's rank correlation test yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.403 with a significance level of 0.001 (p < 0.05), thereby indicating a positive and significant relationship between social capital and the empowerment of coastal fishing communities. Social capital serves as a key determinant in enhancing the capacity, self-reliance, and adaptive capabilities of coastal fishing communities. Therefore, strengthening trust, social networks, and social norms must be an integral part of coastal community empowerment policies to achieve inclusive and sustainable development.
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